Role of protective effect of L-Carnitine against acute acetaminophen induced hepatic toxicity in adult albino rats [light and electron microscopic study]

Acetaminophen, a widely used analgesic and antipyretic is known to cause hepatic injury in humans and experimental animals when administered in high doses. It was reported that toxic effects of acetaminophen are due to oxidative reactions that take place during its metabolism. L-carnitine is a cofactor in the transfer of long-chain fatty acid allowing to the beta-oxidation of fatty acid in the mitochondria. It is a known antioxidant with protective effects against lipid peroxidation. This study aimed to investigate the possible beneficial effect of L-carnitine as an antioxidant agent against acetaminophen induced hepatic toxicity in rats. Four rat groups [N=7 in each group]. Group I is the control, group II received 500 mg/kg/ body weight of L-carnitine for 7 days by oral route, group III received 640/kg/ bw of acetaminophen by oral route, group IV acute acetaminophen group pretreated with L-carnitine for 7 days by gastric tube gavage tube. The liver of all rats were removed for investigation using light and electro microscopic studies. Acetaminophen caused massive centrilobular necrosis and massive degenerative changes. The electron-microscopic study showed few mitochondria, increased fat droplets and scanty smooth endoplasmic reticulum [SER], rough endoplasmic reticulum [RER].These changes were reduced by L-carnitine pretreatment. Those results suggest that acetaminophen results damage in the liver as an acute effect and L-carnitine ameliorated the adverse effects of acetaminophen via its antioxidant role

Light and ultrastructural microscopic changes of liver in rats following cadmium chloride administration

Cadmium chloride [CdC1[2]] is an environmental risk factor having various toxic effects both in animals and humans. Occupational and environmental cdcl[2] exposure can result in nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and skeletal damage and several types of cancer, The objective of this study was to determine the changes of Cadmium chloride on the liver of rats for light and ultrastructural microscopic examination. Fourty adult male rats were used in this study with average weight 250-300grarns were divided into four groups and Cadmium chloride solution was received subcutaneous injected in the interscapular region of the rat in sublethal dose [2.5 milligrams/kg of body weight, 5 days/week]. The first group: was a control group. The second group: injected with [dcl[2] for two weeks. The third group: injected with [dcl[2]] for four weeks. The fourth group: injected with [cdcl[2] for six weeks. The animals of each group were anaesthetized with inhalation of ether; the liver was excised and cut into small pieces for light and ultrastructural microscopic examination. Changes in the liver treated groups for light microscopic examination of present study showed congested and dilatation of the central vein with blood sinusoids, Hepatocytes showed multiple vaculated cytoplasm and presence of inflammatory cellular infiltration and areas of hyaline degeneration in the hepatic lobules. Changes in the liver treated groups for electron microscopic examination showed, the cytoplasm of hepatocytes contains swollen mitochondria with ill-defined-cristae, and decreased the glycogen granules, with some vacuoles. Administration of cadmium chloride produced significant toxic pathological changes in the liver of the rat

Effect of cadmium chloride on the testis of the adult albino rat

Cadmium chloride [CdCl[2]] is important heavy metal widely used in batteries, metal plating, pigments' plastics, and alloys. In addition to occupational exposures environmental Cdcl[2] exposure in humans may occur through cigarette smoking and dietary consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Cadmium chloride on the structure of the testis of the adult mal albino rat. Fourty adult male rats were used in this study with average weight 250-300grams were divided into four groups and Cadmium chloride solution was received subcutaneous injected in the interscapular region of the rat in sublethal dose [2.5 milligrams/kg of body weight, 5 days/week]. The first group: was a control group. The second group: injected with [CdCl[2]] for two weeks. The third group: injected with [CdCl[2]] for four weeks. The fourth group: injected with [CdCl[2]] for six weeks. The animals of each group were anaesthetized with inhalation of ether; the liver was excised and wt into small pieces. For light microscopic examination. Histological observations of the testis showed degeneration, necrosis, and separation of the spermatogenic cells from the basement membrane. As appeared by haematoxylin and eosin stain. There was an irregularity of the basement membrane as appeared by PAS stain and the interstitial tissue between the tubules is increased as appeared by Mallory stain. It was established that cadmium chloride was toxic for testis and caused sever structural damage